Fire Alarm System: What It Is & How to Buy

We will introduce what fire alarm system is and how to pick the right one for your household fire safety. Let’s dive into it.

Fire Alarm System for Home

Home fire alarm systems are designed to detect smoke, heat or flames and alert occupants to danger. They are often simpler and smaller. And they come for fewer rooms and primarily focus on sending instant alerts to family members.

In order to adapt to the home environment, fire alarm systems often adopt technologies that focus on ease of use and reliability. Many modern systems are wireless, which makes installation easier and reduces the need for complex cabling. Some alarm systems are smart, offering features such as mobile alerts or integration with home automation systems so homeowners can monitor and control the system remotely. In addition, home fire alarms may also have features such as voice alarms, which may be more effective in waking sleeping residents in an emergency.

Fire Alarm System Features

Central Control Panel

A fire alarm system contains a central control panel that connects all the detectors in the home. This control panel receives signals from smoke, heat or carbon monoxide detectors and triggers an alarm if necessary. The control panel acts as the “brain” of the system, enabling users to easily monitor and manage the entire system.

Multiple Detectors

Unlike a single, independent fire alarm, a fire alarm system usually uses a combination of multiple detectors. These can include smoke detectors, heat detectors and carbon monoxide sensors. Having multiple types of detectors improves the accuracy of the system in detecting different fire risks, which enhances safety and response times.

Monitoring and Alarm Functions

Fire alarm systems often feature remote monitoring, which means homeowners can receive an alert on a smartphone or other device when the alarm alerts. This feature is especially useful when the homeowner is not at home, as it allows immediate action, such as contacting emergency services. Many independent alarms do not have this function.

Integration with Home Systems

We can integrate the fire alarm system with home automation settings, enabling it to communicate with other smart devices. For example, the system might automatically unlock a door or turn on lights to guide family members to safety. Independent alarms lack this level of coordination.

Voice Alarm Function

In addition to the traditional siren sound, many fire alarm systems also provide voice alarms. These voice alarms can provide more detailed instructions, such as telling people where the fire is or which exit to use to escape. This is crucial in emergency situations, especially for children, the elderly, or anyone who may have difficulty understanding traditional alarms.

Scalability and Customization

As wishes, we can expand the fire alarm system according to the size and needs of the house. For larger houses, additional detectors and alarms can be added to ensure full coverage. Independent alarms are limited to one or two areas and are not flexible enough for larger or multi-story houses.

Components of A Fire Alarm System

Control Panel

The control panel is the core of the fire alarm system. It receives signals from all the detectors and determines if there is a fire or other emergency. The control panel then activates alarms, lights, or other systems to warn people in the building. In addition, the control panel provides information on the status of the system, such as faulty detector and battery replacement.

Smoke Detectors

Smoke detectors are essential for identifying the presence of smoke in the air. When these sensors detect smoke particles, they trigger an alarm, which is one of the first signs of a fire. Smoke detectors are usually installed in ceiling areas where fires are most likely to occur, such as kitchens or hallways.

Heat Detectors

Heat detectors are able to sense a rapid rise in temperature, another sign of a fire. Temperature detectors are useful in areas where smoke detectors may emit false positives, such as kitchens or garages. The temperature detector ensures that the system is still able to detect a fire even in the absence of smoke, providing additional security.

Carbon Monoxide Detectors

Carbon monoxide detectors are able to detect the presence of this colorless and potentially deadly gas. While carbon monoxide detectors are not always part of a basic fire alarm system, they are increasingly being incorporated into fire alarm systems. As a toxic gas, carbon monoxide can originate from a fire or faulty heating system. When harmful levels of carbon monoxide are detected, sirens sound, warning residents to evacuate.

Alarm Sounders and Visual Indicators

When the system detects a fire, an alarm (siren or horn) alerts to warn people inside the building. Some systems also use visual indicators, such as flashing lights, especially in places where sound may not be enough to attract attention, such as noisy areas or for people with hearing impairments. These signals come to quickly attract attention and prompt action.

Manual Call Points

Manual alarm points or broken glass devices allow people to manually trigger the fire alarm if a fire occurs without any activated device. We can place them near exits or in high-traffic areas to ensure that anyone can call the police quickly if necessary.

Power Supply and Backup Batteries

Manual alarm points or broken glass devices allow people to manually trigger the fire alarm if a fire is detected but the detector has not been triggered. These devices are usually placed near exits or in high-traffic areas to ensure that anyone can call the police quickly if necessary.

Notification Devices

Notification devices are the system’s way of ensuring that everyone in the building is aware of an emergency. These devices include horns, bells, speakers and flash lights. They help guide people to safety, especially in large buildings or areas of low visibility. Without these devices, the system would not be able to effectively warn everyone.

How Does Fire & Smoke Monitoring Work?

Step 1: Detection of Fire or Hazard

When a fire starts, the smoke detectors, heat detectors, or carbon monoxide detectors sense the threat. Smoke detectors detect particles in the air caused by smoke. Heat detectors monitor a rapid increase in temperature. Carbon monoxide detectors sense the presence of harmful gases. These detectors continuously monitor the environment and quickly react to abnormal changes.

Step 2: Signal Sent to Control Panel

Once a detector senses a potential hazard, it sends a signal to the central control panel. The control panel serves as the brain of the system, processing signals from all connected detectors. It evaluates the data and determines whether there is a real emergency. If the panel confirms the presence of a fire or hazard, it triggers the next steps.

Step 3: Manual Activation (if needed)

If someone spots a fire before the system detects it, they can use a manual call point to trigger the alarm. A person activates the manual call point by pressing a button or breaking a glass panel. This sends a direct signal to the control panel, causing the system to respond, just as it would with an automatic detection.

Step 4: Alarm Sounders and Visual Indicators Activation

After the control panel verifies the emergency, it triggers the alarm sounders and visual indicators. The sounders emit loud sirens or horns to alert everyone in the building. Simultaneously, visual indicators, like flashing lights or strobes, activate. These are crucial for people who may have hearing impairments or in loud environments, ensuring that everyone is notified of the danger.

Step 5: Notification to Occupants

At this point, the notification devices, such as speakers or bells, spread the alarm throughout the building. In some systems, these devices can also deliver voice instructions, guiding people to safety or informing them about the location of the fire. The goal is to make sure everyone, regardless of where they are in the building, understands that there is a fire and what to do next.

Step 6: Central Control Panel Management

As the alarm goes off, the central control panel continues to monitor the system. It may provide information on which detector triggered the alarm, helping firefighters or responders know where the fire started. In advanced systems, the panel might also communicate with external systems, like notifying emergency services or unlocking doors for easier evacuation.

Step 7: Power Backup and System Continuation

Throughout the emergency, the fire alarm system relies on a backup power supply to ensure that it remains functional. If there is a power outage, backup batteries automatically kick in. This ensures the detectors, control panel, alarm sounders, and notification devices continue to operate, keeping the system active even in case of electrical failure.

Fire Alarm Sound

The sound of a fire alarm in an emergency is loud, attention-grabbing, and designed to be heard over other noises in the environment. It usually consists of a high-pitched siren or horn, which repeats in a continuous or intermittent pattern.The tone is often piercing, making it difficult to ignore, even in noisy areas.

Some fire alarms also use a strobe light or flashing lights alongside the sound to help people with hearing impairments or in situations where the noise may not be enough.

FAQ

How Many Fire Alarm Systems Types Are There?

Conventional Fire Alarm Systems

Conventional fire alarm systems are often used in smaller buildings. These systems divide the building into zones, each monitored by a detector. When a detector senses smoke or heat, the alarm alerts for that specific zone. This helps identify where the problem is, but it doesn’t pinpoint the exact location of the fire. Conventional systems are simple, cost-effective, and easy to install but provide less detail compared to other systems.

Addressable Fire Alarm Systems

Addressable fire alarm systems offer more advanced technology. Each detector has a unique address, allowing the control panel to identify the exact location of the fire. When an alarm alerts, the system can pinpoint the precise area, which helps in quick and accurate response. These systems are ideal for larger buildings or complex layouts where knowing the exact location of a fire is critical.

Wireless Fire Alarm Systems

Wireless fire alarm systems eliminate the need for physical wiring between detectors and the control panel. They use radio signals to communicate, making installation faster and more flexible. This type of system is often used in retrofitting buildings or in places where running wires would be difficult or expensive. While they are easy to install, wireless systems can be affected by signal interference or battery life issues.

Hybrid Fire Alarm Systems

Hybrid fire alarm systems combine the benefits of both wired and wireless technologies. They can have wired connections in some areas of the building while using wireless connections in others. This system offers flexibility in installation and can suit different buildings. It’s particularly useful in larger buildings with both new and existing structures.

Smart Fire Alarm Systems

Smart fire alarm systems are integrated with home automation and offer remote monitoring via smartphones or tablets. They can send alerts to a user’s device when detecting smoke or heat. This allows for quick action even if the homeowner is away. Some systems even integrate with smart home technology to automate other actions, like unlocking doors or turning on lights during an emergency.

Aspirating Smoke Detection Systems (ASD)
Aspirating smoke detection systems are highly sensitive and can detect smoke at very early stages. These systems suck air through a network of pipes and analyze it for signs of smoke. They are often used in environments where early detection is crucial, such as in data centers or museums. ASD systems are more expensive but offer extremely fast response times, making them ideal for high-risk areas.

What Are L1, L2 and L3 Fire Alarm Systems?

L1 Fire alarm system

The L1 fire alarm system is the most advanced and comprehensive type, designed for buildings with a higher risk of fire, such as hospitals, nursing homes and tall buildings. These systems use smoke and temperature detectors throughout the building. The goal is to provide early detection and ensure a rapid response at any stage of a fire, even in its infancy. In L1 systems, each area is secured by a network of detectors. And the system often also includes voice evacuation features to guide people safely out. Such systems ensure maximum protection of life and property.

L2 fire alarm system

L2 fire alarm systems are used in buildings where life safety is critical but the fire risk is not as high as in L1 environments. These systems still provide early detection using smoke detectors in circulation areas such as hallways, stairwells and lobbies. However, they may not cover every room or space within the building. The system focuses on ensuring that people can be safely evacuated from public areas, with fewer detectors installed in non-public or low-risk areas. L2 systems typically do not include advanced features such as voice evacuation, but can still provide reliable alerts to people inside the building.

L3 fire alarm system

L3 fire alarm systems are typically found in smaller or low-risk buildings, such as offices, schools, or residential buildings. These systems provide smoke detection in escape routes such as corridors and stairs, but do not cover every part of the building. The L3 system focuses on the areas that people need to pass through in the event of an evacuation, ensuring that they can be alerted in time to escape. Although they do not provide detailed detection or early detection like L1 or L2 systems, they are still effective in helping people evacuate safely in the event of a fire.

How to Select An Alarm System Among Various Hot-sale Brand 

ADT Fire Alarm System

The ADT fire alarm system is ideal for residential as well as small and medium-sized commercial properties. They are ideal for homeowners who want a simple, reliable system with the added benefit of remote monitoring and smart home integration. The ADT offers wireless and wired options with flexibility, making it a good choice for an existing home or business. In addition, ADT is a powerful option for businesses that require standard fire protection without the need for complex, large-scale systems.

Edward fire alarm System

Edward fire alarm systems well suit large commercial buildings, high-risk facilities, and environments where early detection is critical. They are designed to handle complex installations and can be integrated with other security and building management systems. These systems are ideal for areas such as hospitals, schools, shopping malls and tall buildings. Edward offers a wide range of detectors, including smoke, temperature and carbon monoxide, enabling more detailed fire risk management in buildings that require comprehensive protection.

Kidde Fire alarm System

Kidde fire alarm systems are best suited for residential properties, small businesses or low-risk environments where affordability and ease of installation are key factors. They are especially suitable for homeowners or tenants who need basic fire detection, such as smoke and carbon monoxide alarms. Kidde is a reliable choice for people who want a simple system without advanced features such as remote monitoring or integration with other smart devices. Kidde systems are a budget-friendly choice for residential buildings or small commercial Spaces.

Simplex Fire Alarm System

Simplex fire alarm systems are ideal for large commercial buildings, industrial sites, and facilities requiring scalable, high-performance fire detection. These systems perform well in environments that require extensive coverage and advanced features such as voice evacuation, monitoring, and complex partitioning. They suit high-traffic areas such as offices, airports, factories and warehouses. Simplex is the first choice for facilities with significant fire risk, providing a powerful solution for large-scale fire safety.

Phixson Fire Alarm System

Phixson fire alarm system is for the B2B Market. Any client who would like to customize or manufacture its design are welcomed to contact us. The ODM products will do well in good quality because they monitor the whole automatic workshop with ISO9001 system. They can also come with advanced technology like telecommunication.

About Fire Alarm System Installation

Step 1: Plan the System Layout

Before installation, you need to plan the placement of each component. We can install the central control panel in an easily accessible and secure location, usually near the entrance or equipment room. And, smoke detectors are usually installed on the ceiling of hallways and common areas, while heat detectors are installed in places where smoke alarms may produce false alarms, such as kitchens or garages. Besides, we can put carbon monoxide detectors near the sleeping area. Alarms and visual indicators should be installed where they can be heard and seen from any location in the building. Last, we can place manual alarm points near exits. And the notification devices should be placed in crowded areas.

Step 2: Install the Central Control Panel

First, install the central control panel, which is the heart of the fire alarm system. Install it in a location where it is easy to maintain and test. Connect it to a power supply and make sure it is protected by a backup battery in the event of a power failure. The control panel shall be connected to each detector and alarm device in the system and shall be operated in accordance with the manufacturer’s wiring specifications.

Step 3: Install Smoke and Heat Detectors

Next, install smoke detectors in the appropriate areas of the building. We should mount these detectors on the ceiling, at least 10 feet from a wall or corner. Please make sure there are no obstructions such as light fixtures or ceiling fans interfering with smoke detection. Then, heat detectors are often placed in places where smoke detectors may not be suitable, such as kitchens or garages. Again, try to mount them on the ceiling and make sure they are not exposed to direct airflow, as this may delay detection.

Step 4: Install A Carbon Monoxide Detector

We suggest to install carbon monoxide detectors near sleeping areas or in rooms where carbon monoxide can accumulate, such as near a stove or attached garage. Mount these detectors on walls or ceilings, but avoid near Windows or vents, as airflow may affect the accuracy of the detection. Some models may require a direct connection to a central control panel for full integration.

Step 5: Install Alarms and Visual Indicators

Install alarms and visual indicators in locations that can easily alert everyone in the building. We can install alarms in hallways, near exits and in larger rooms. Don’t forget to make sure the sound is clearly heard from every area of the building. And, the visual indicators, such as flashing lights, should be placed in areas where people with hearing loss or noisy environments may need additional help identifying alarms. These indicators should also be placed in a prominent position.

Step 6: Mount Manual Alarm Points

We recommend to put manual alarm points near exits or in crowded areas so that anyone can trigger the alarm if they see a fire. Install them at an accessible height, usually about 4 to 5 feet from the ground. Make sure these points are clearly visible and easy for anyone in the building to operate.

Step 7: Install the Notification Device

Notification devices, such as bells or speakers, should be installed in public areas such as hallways, kitchens, and lobbies. These devices ensure that people can hear alarms throughout the building. In larger buildings, we are required to install multiple notification devices to ensure full coverage. Connect these devices to the control panel and make sure they work as expected.

Step 8: Wire the System

After placing all the devices, connect each component to the central control panel. This includes connecting detectors, alarms, alarm points, and notification devices to the control panel according to the manufacturer’s wiring diagram. For wired systems, please make sure all proper insulation of all the wiring to avoid interference or damage. If the system is wireless, connect each device to the network and test the connection.

Step 9: Test the System

After installing and connecting all the devices, it is time to test the system.

• Check proper operation of detectors and proper activation of alarms and visual indicators.
• Test the manual alarm points to make sure they can trigger the alarm, and make sure the voice notifying the device is loud and clear.
• Check carbon monoxide detectors to make sure they detect correctly.
• Perform smoke and heat tests to confirm the sensitivity and response speed of the system.

Step 10: Set up Monitors and Alarms

If the system includes remote monitoring, set up the connection to the monitoring service. For smart systems, make sure alerts are sent to a phone or other device. This will allow you to monitor the system and receive alerts when they alert, even if you do not stay at home.